US Slavery Essays - Slavery In The United States, Slavery, Racism

US Slavery US Slavery At the point when bondage was first polished in the Americas during the early provincial time frame, it was only for monetary use. The utilization of slaves in sugar, tabbaco, and cotton estates brought an extraordinary arrangement of benefit and in this manner subjugation was executed into the entire framework where there was brutal horticulture. These areas were situated inside the equator, where the atmosphere was warm and adept for horticulture. In any case, as time past industrialization began influenzing the non-rural locales of Americas. Thus, two particular kinds of economies rose just as the resulting contact between the two. The individuals who stayed subject to horticulture required subjection as a financial factor; yet the individuals who were industrialized didn't, subsequently they had no explanation not to restrict servitude as an ethical issue. (In the US there was differentiate between North being industrialized and South being founded on agribusiness). The individuals who politically contradicted slave-proprietors or on the other hand bondage disciples thought that it was viable to blame subjection so as to censure (besmirch) them, not on the grounds that they felt anything erroneous about subjugation itself. (Political pioneers supported slaveowners inorder to acquire bolster, for example, in Peru, Venezuela, and so forth). Regardless, religion can't be accounted as purposes behind restriction in light of the fact that the two sides sought after religion as their avocation; even the individuals who upheld bondage utilized Christianity to guard subjugation, for example, the Southern slaveholders in the US. Accordingly, restriction to subjugation started from the individuals who viewed it as ethically also, strictly off-base yet was additionally bolstered by the individuals who exploited of it for political (crafty) reasons. The nullification of bondage in the Americas occured upon fits and starts. Subjugation was a foundation dug in both in financial life and in the social texture of basically progressive social orders. The products delivered by slave work, especially sugar, cotton, and espresso, were vital to the exopanding system of transoceanic trade.(1) In Brazil and Cuba slaveholding was additionally across the board in the urban communities and in some food-creating locales. Subsequently while the ideological changes going with the development of private enterprise in Great Britain set up for a general investigate of asset servitude and advocating of free work, it took in excess of a changing scholarly atmosphere to unstick the institution.(2) Abolitionism took on its most prominent power when it agreed with financial change and local social change, and especially when it turned into an component in the characterizing of new countries or new frontier connections. (3) Additionally likewise in the United Sates, concurring to intensive investigation of prewar Southern industry, the Southern slack in this classification of advancement came about because of any innate financial hindrances - not lack of capital, nor low paces of return, nor nonadaptability of slave work - however from the selections of Southerners to contribute a greater amount of their cash in horticulture and slaves than in manufacturing.(4) Their mentality was: We need no produces; we want no exchanging, no mechanical or assembling classes.(5) The free work picture of North and South didn't, obviously, go unchallenged during the 1850's. It was during this period that the action of the ace subjection scholars arrived at its pinnacle, and in truth the Republican resistance of the northern social request and their glorification of free work were to some extent a reaction to the assaults of these equivalent scholars, particularly George Fitzhugh. The master subjugation essayists insistsed that in free society work and capital were in consistent threat, and that thus the worker was shaky and helpless.(6) They denied that any genuine social versatility or amicability of interests existed in the North. In his acclaimed mud-ledge discourse, South Carolina's Senator James Hammond announced that in all social frameworks there must be a class to carry out the mean responsibilities, to play out the drudgeries of life, and Fitzhugh separated northern culture into four classes: the rich, the profoundly gifted experts, the poor cheats, and poor people dedicated individuals, who bolster everyone, and starve themselves.(7) For this last class there was no desire for progression - not one out of many, as South Carolina's Chancellor Harper stated, could would like to improve his condition.(8) For every reasonable reason, as indicated by star subjection journalists, servitude existed in the North just as in the South. As Hammond put it, Your entire class of unskilled workers and agents, as you call them, are slaves.(9) Thus, bondage was excessively productive in the economies of farming, including the Southern United States, that it couldn't have been restricted without a critical social or monetary change. The rising tide of patriotism caused some Latin Americans to address terrible racial ideas. To acknowledge the European regulations, they at long last acknowledged, would censure Latin America interminably to an auxiliary position.(10) The patriots inferred that the regulations were just another

Importance of Community Development in the Middle East Important to the U.S. Essay Example for Free

Significance of Community Development in the Middle East Important to the U.S. Paper The Middle East is the district which stretches out from southwestern Asia to northeastern Africa, however its limits are not quite certain. It is the memorable starting point of some significant religions that we have today. These incorporate Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Yezidi, Bahai confidence among others. The Middle East came to be perceived as a solitary locale after the First World War, during which the Ottoman Empire was partitioned into nations that right now contain the Middle East. In 1948, Israel was set up and joined the gathering of nations that make up the Middle East. The nations that are in the Middle East incorporate Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Yemen, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates among others (Eur, 2002). The Middle East is anyway a district that has consistently been a focal point of world issues both on a positive and a negative note. There have been different high points and low points throughout the entire existence of the Middle East; some of which repeat to date. A portion of these occasions have realized a universal clamor and in the end caused the considering forward of quick changes in a portion of the nations that include the Middle East. A portion of the changes brought to the consideration of these nations are issues relating network improvement, which is crucial for the development of these nations. Network improvement in this area is planned for relieving the wrangles and wars that have been there in this district and make its inhabitants focus on issues that would be valuable to their lives. Network improvement is the upgrade or the sustaining of some particular qualities inside the general public that realize some constructive change in the manner that individuals in this specific culture live and co-ordinate their lives. Network advancement is significant in any network on the grounds that any improvement inside some random society and primarily comes to fruition because of collaboration between the individuals from these social orders. It is through network advancement that obtaining, abuse, and equivalent dispersion of assets is cultivated. It is the thing that empowers a general public to go ahead and have all the comforts that are essential forever (Bayat, 2002). The global network has been on the bleeding edge supporting for network improvement in the area. This would make sure that the area grows monetarily and that its ties with different countries improve. The nations situated in the Middle East overwhelm the world’s rundown of significant oil makers. The vast majority of the economies of these nations are exceptionally determined by oil. The world’s economy is somewhat constrained by the costs of oil and this implies the Middle East bears a turn in however that the oil costs influence. A decrease in oil creation or an augmentation in the costs of oil per barrel would be a significant hit to the economies of the world particularly those of nations that don't deliver oil or don't create oil that can bolster their tremendous populaces. Thus, a considerable lot of the world’s powers have constantly attempted to have an edge over the nations in the Middle East so as to check this (Wright, 1999). The United States of America is one of the nations that has constantly needed there to be some steadiness and network improvement in the Middle East however the greater part of these countries are against its perspectives. Many are even hesitant to participate in light of the fact that the United States isn't chiefly an Islamic state. The Middle East has consistently been defaced by certain wars and other virus wars. The United States itself was behind the 2003 Iraq attack that saw to the absolute upgrade of the Iraqi government. Numerous nearby and worldwide networks have constantly pointed fingers at the United States for such a miscount and in this way fast network improvement in this area would help extinguish the blame that the United States feels for doing this. Little else should be possible other than trigger network advancement that would see Iraq have its financial success back. Along these lines, the United States can reestablish its holiness as well. The United States of America’s organization has in this manner set out on an arrangement to deliver network advancement in Iraq. This is done through the provision of assets to commence this procedure. Psychological warfare has been one of the hazards that have presented perhaps the most serious hazard to the United States of America and its residents. The United States government has been doing all inside its methods so as to kill fear mongering and bring to book those included. Fear based oppression has for some time been seen as being embraced and activated by some Islamic radicals accepted to be prepared in some mystery puts inside the Middle East. Hence, if the United States figures that on the off chance that it can deliver some network improvement in the Middle East, they can have the option to control or in the long run destroy psychological oppression. Probably the most needed psychological oppressors are accepted to be harbored in the Middle East and some are even accepted to be under the assurance of some Middle East governments. The United States has even offered to prepare the Afghanistan police and military so as to control the degrees of fear based oppression and battle tranquilize cartels. Afghanistan is accepted to be one of the world’s top makers of cocaine. The coming of atomic weapons represents a significant danger to the world’s populace if these weapons are not maneuvered carefully. Nations should get endorsement from the United Nations before they leave on creating atomic weapons and war-heads or any comparable endeavor, inability to which some serious measures can be taken. Iran has some atomic force stations which are operational however the United States and other amazing nations accept that Iran is creating atomic weapons. The United States has taken a firm remain against this and has looked for some strategic situations as to this issue. Huge people group advancement over the Middle East would make sure that such issues are managed effectively which would really be a preferred position to the United States on its interpretation of worldwide harmony. The Israeli-Palestinian war has been seething for a very long while. Israel is situated in the midst of nations which are its sworn foes. A significant number of the antagonistic issues among Israel and its neighbors have in the end brought about wars that have left numerous dead and harmed. The United States is Israel’s sworn partner and in this manner a hit to Israel implies a significant hit to the United States however by implication. Accordingly, the United States has consistently acted in the kindness of Israel. The possibility of network advancement would in the end lead to solidarity in the district and subsequently evacuate the weight of inconsistent wars from Israel and advance financial development in the locale. There are different liberal fear based oppressor bunches that have been shaped in restriction of Israel. These incorporate Hamas and Hezbollah and the arrival of harmony to the district would make sure that these gatherings stop to exist as they are a danger to harmony in the area. This would additionally improve the United States’ war against psychological oppression (Thomas, 1998). At long last, the United States of America imagines monetary partners from the Middle East, which has the absolute quickest developing economies on the planet. A partnership between the United States and the Middle East would see to the development of the financial interests of the two gatherings. Financial upgrade implies more force and this is actually this would mean the United States. Monetary strengthening is of principal significance particularly in this period when the world is encountering a money related downturn. Monetary strengthening would along these lines be a significant lift to the United States and some other invested individuals. The Middle East is one of the districts that the business interests of Americans are not acknowledged and along these lines repairing this would change the condition. Nations, for example, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Jordan have consolidated the travel industry into their economies and this will undoubtedly improve their relationship with different nations. Egypt has been one of the key factors that have made harmony financier conceivable in the Middle East. Egypt is an Islamic express that isn't hard lined towards general contempt towards the west. This gives it an edge towards managing the Middle East emergencies and risky wars. It is through Egypt that some universal networks have voiced their interests. It is through Egypt that a few wars have been halted through truces, for example, the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian war that was exhibited along the Gaza strip. Egypt itself is deliberately positioned and is unified to a considerable lot of the countries in the Middle East. They are will undoubtedly tune in to Egypt with regards to arranging a specific circumstance. Thus, a large number of the western nations align themselves to Egypt in an offer to handle harmony in the Middle East. Egypt in this way assumes an extremely fundamental job with regards to managing the countries of the Middle East due to its lack of bias and comparability to these countries in spite of being an Islamic state. It is a serene sovereign express that is regarded dependable by numerous western nations with regards to managing the Middle East. Accordingly, people group advancement is fundamental as an answer for the issues that as of now influence the Middle East countries. The Middle East is in an entanglement of burdens right now and an answer that would achieve harmony and strength in the locale would no different change this area into a monetary powerhouse which would be a major lift to the worldwide money related market out and out. Network improvement, without a doubt, is one of the keys to harmony and soundness in this area. References: Bayat, A. , (2002), Activism And Social Development In The Middle East, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Issue 34:1:1-28, Cambridge University Press, Retrieved on 29th April 30, 2009 from: http://diaries. cambridge. organization/acti

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The Day That Shook the World - 667 Words

What comes to mind when you hear the word â€Å"bomb†? Is it the Boston Marathon tragedy? Is it the Pearl Harbor Bombing? How about the World Trade Center attack? All of these are major bombings that have happened in the U.S. Sadly, they aren’t the only ones. There have been numerous bombings that our world has survived, but that doesn’t mean we haven’t suffered from their outcomes. The devastation of war on our world is monumental. The atomic bombing of Hiroshima is an important event in history that has affected people greatly throughout the years since that tragic day. The effects of the Hiroshima bombing on Japan were life shattering. Death counts rose as high as 80,000, just after the bomb was dropped, and 50,000 more later died of injuries, radiation contact, sicknesses, and long-term effects such as cancer and birth deficiencies(Counting Deaths). This totaled 130,000 dead. (â€Å"The Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki†) â€Å"The plane dropp ed the bomb--known as Little Boy--by parachute at 8:15 in the morning, and it exploded 2,000 feet above Hiroshima in a blast equal to 12-15,000 tons of TNT, destroying five square miles of the city† (â€Å"The Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki†). This was the power of just one bomb, the first atomic bomb ever dropped in history. The city of Hiroshima was left in ruins, with nothing left but rubble and bodies. Although the Japanese were affected tremendously, other areas were not as traumatized by the results, but they were still stunned. â€Å"MyShow MoreRelatedTen Days That Shook the World by John Reed667 Words   |  3 PagesDuring this time, underground protestors also began looking for their entrance into the world as the struggle between classes began to erupt. As the winter grew colder, the food grew scarce. The daily allowance for necessary items, such as bread and milk for babies, dropped. 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Not only are these s tudents entering withRead MoreThe Natural Disasters Of San Francisco998 Words   |  4 PagesThere are so many natural disasters throughout the world that happen every day; some worse than others. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake would be one of the worse disasters. Many people were killed and wounded on that day. Although the earthquake lasted less than a minute, it still caused the worst natural disaster in the country’s history. The California earthquake is known to be one of the most remarkable earthquakes of all time. San Francisco is known to be the â€Å"Paris of America†. It was very

Human Resource Management At Small Businesses - 1121 Words

Pre-sessional 2016 Final Project Human Resource Management in Small Businesses Blades Qi Ni/Nicky 26036566 Human Resource Management in Small Businesses Human Resource Management (HRM) is the terminology used to illustrate formal systems devised for the management of people within an organization. It is the method of managing an organization or company that is directly related to the employees of that particular organization. The success of a business often rely heavily on the performance of managing human resource. Maximizing the desires and benefits of an organization and helping a business grow by rewarding employees to help motivate and push them in their performance is one of the main aim of HRM. By doing this, it will have a positive impact on both the company and it’s entire organization. The management of people in an organization is an important factor of the HRM. This principle of HRM is all about how people act and behave in a formal setting. Modern human resource management is guided by a few main principles. One of the most dominant factor is the fact that human resources are the most valuable assets of an organization. Another important principle, expressed by Ashly Pinnington in her book ‘Human Resource Management Ethics and Employment’, is that â€Å"a succesful business is more likely to be achieved if the personal polices andShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Human Resource Management Within The Business1738 Words   |  7 Pages The Importance of Human Resources in Small Business Derrick Rowley Business 224 Dennis Oden 7 June 2015 â€Æ' Abstract Within this paper you will find that HR is vital to all businesses, but can greatly affect the long-term success of a small business. Small businesses can have a difficult time finding qualified individuals to help with the production side of the business. That is why having human resource management within the business is so important. 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Toyota Quality Management Free Essays

Name of organization Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC), commonly known as Toyota in the stock markets. Japanese Toyota is multinational automaker headquartered in Toyota, Aichi, Japan. The company was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda, as a spinoff from his father’s company, Toyota Industries, to create automobiles. We will write a custom essay sample on Toyota Quality Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now In July 2012 the company reported that it had manufactured its 200 millionth vehicle. Background/overview of organization Size of company – 300,734 employees worldwide as of 2012 Type of industry Automotive Manufacturing Product or service – Largest automobile manufacturer in the world. Brief synopsis of Quality management processes Toyota quality control, in the strict business sense, with monitoring the means of production to ensure that the finished product meets a certain standard. There are number of different elements that are important for the control quality that which includes the skilled management, knowledge of the production process, and the motivation and eagerness of the workers at all levels. In general, Toyota makes sure that the quality of automobile remains the standard across the board in the manufacturing that involves the assembly line. Quality control is the general process that seeks out to bring together a wide variety of factors which helped to meet the standard set by Toyota. Introduction to the Problem Identify the Quality Issues that need to be addressed Vehicle recalls, November 2009 through 2010, Toyota recalled more than 9 million cars and trucks worldwide in several recall campaigns, and briefly halted production and sales. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) regarding the defective accelerator pedals issues in which in early 2010, Toyota paid the fines without an admission of wrong doing. The U. S. NHTSA, and Japanese Ministry of Transport have been involved in the investigations with the driver error or pedal misapplication was found responsible for most of the incidents. This included sticking accelerator pedals, and pedals caught under floor mats. Through the years Toyota Motor Corporation has seen major growth throughout their timeline hierarchy. Toyotas growth can be attributed to Toyotas company orientation and that is recognizing the consumers demands, having the right products in place to meet these demands. Opportunities Since Toyotas massive vehicle recalls, Toyotas management implemented new initiatives that included equipping all 2011 and future vehicles with Smart Stop Technology, and enhanced event data recorders. Toyota also launched a training center that will be utilized just for quality training, and training team members in customer first practices. These initiatives and training will evolve Toyota Motor Corporation back on top as the leading quality car manufacturer. Toyota is taking an approach to what it calls performance-based facilities management (PBFM). PBFM is facility management with a twist, were the focus will be on more what needs to be done, then leaving the decisions to the employees that are doing the work. This will allow Toyota to spend more time looking at the strategic planning as opposed to the micro-managing what the company has done in the past. Throughout the years Toyotas Total Quality Management (TQM) has been its strength year after year, winning numerous quality awards. Along with quality, Toyota pioneered their own lean system called Toyota Production System (TPS) which identifies and reduces/eliminates waste and variance in processes. Managing product quality was Toyota Motor Corporations claim to gaining market share over other U. S. car manufacturers but recently, during the last few years, Toyotas product quality has been somewhat dismal with over 5. 3 million vehicles recalled since 2009 and 2010 due to safety issues. Possible Quality Management Initiative Lean Principles – Today, Toyota is not so much focused on automobile production like it was back in the 1970s. Instead Toyota is focused on creating a continuous and uninterrupted flow in operations. Thus, for many of their processes, they are continually striving toward a target condition of a single or one-piece flow, sometimes known as make one, move one. Where this can be achieved, work-in process are naturally reduced and velocity is drastically increased as a result of the single-piece transfer batch size. Managing Quality – Quality is an integral focus of operations management. Quality offers companies a way of enhancing their competiveness and strategic position in the marketplace. Recently, with more and more companies accepting the importance of quality, it has become both an order qualifier and, if lacking, an order loser. Product quality was Toyota Motor Corporations claim to gaining market share over other U. S. car manufacturer but recently in the last few years the product quality Toyota hung their hat on, shattered like broken glass, and in order for Toyota Motor Corporation to regain 75 plus years of quality excellence, that was shattered these last few years, Toyota needs to recognize that it once again need to qualitatively improve on its supply chain management processes. How to cite Toyota Quality Management, Papers

Running head theories of development 1 Essays - Psychology

Running head: theories of development 1 Theories of Development Jennifer LeMelle Everest University Online Professor Mathews General Psychology 2012-23 March 9 , 2015 THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT 2 Erik Erikson proposed a lifespan model of development, taking in five stages up to the age of 18 years and three further stages beyond, well into adulthood. Erik Erikson maintained that personality develops in a predetermined order, and builds upon each previous stage. This is called the epigenist principle. Generativity vs. Stagnation , stage seven we establish our careers, settle down within a relationship, begin our own families and develop a sense of being a part of the bigger picture. S tage seven has been my biggest challenge in relation to establishing my career. I worked in the commercial printing industry for 18 years and due to slowing economy the company I thought I would retire from was forced to close their doors. In hopes of establishing my career, I am taking the necessary college courses and focused on getting my degree . As I continue through my lifespan I will give back to society through the following three goals. First goal is by setting high standards in raising my children . Second goal is b eing focused, determined and productive at work. Third goal is becoming involved in community activities and organizations. Through focus, determination and my faith in God I will fulfill each of these goals . My p s yc h ology course has provided me the insight, incentive and dr ive needed to complete each of my goals with the feeling of pride and success. . THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT 3 Reference: Nevid, J. S. (2013). Psychology: Concepts and applications (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.

Characteristics of an Effective School Principal

Characteristics of an Effective School Principal A school principals job is balanced between being rewarding and challenging. It is a difficult job, and like any job, there are people who are not able to handle it. There are certain characteristics of a highly effective principal that some people do not possess. Besides the obvious professional requirements needed to become a principal, there are several traits that good principals possess allowing them to do their job successfully. Each of these characteristics manifests themselves in the daily duties of a principal. A highly effective principal will possess each of the following seven qualities. A Principal  Must Exhibit Leadership This is a characteristic that every principal must possess. The principal is the instructional leader of their building. A good leader has to take responsibility for the successes and failures of her school. A good leader puts the needs of others in front of her own. A good leader is always looking to improve her school and then figures out how to make those improvements regardless of how difficult it might be. Leadership defines how successful any school is. A school without a strong leader will likely fail, and a principal who is not a leader will find herself without a job quickly. A Principal  Must Be Adept at Building Relationships With People If you dont like people you shouldnt be a principal. You have to be able to connect with each person you deal with on a daily basis. You have to find common ground and earn their trust. There are many groups of people that principals deal with daily including their superintendent, teachers, support staff, parents, students, and community members. Every group requires a different approach, and individuals within a group are unique in their own right. You never know who is going to walk into your office next. People come in with a variety of emotions including happiness, sadness, and anger. You have to be able to deal with each of those situations effectively by connecting with the person and showing him that you care about his unique situation. He has to believe that you will do whatever you can to make his situation better. A Principal  Must Balance Tough Love With Earned Praise This is especially true with your students and your teachers. You cant be a pushover, meaning that you let people get away with mediocrity. You have to set expectations high and hold those you are in charge of to those same standards. This means that there will be times when you have to reprimand people and likely hurt their feelings. It is a part of the job that isnt pleasant, but it is necessary if you want to run an effective school. At the same time, you must offer praise when it is appropriate. Dont forget to tell those teachers who are doing an extraordinary job that you appreciate them. Remember to recognize students who excel in the areas of academics, leadership and/or citizenship. An outstanding principal can motivate using a combination of both of these approaches. A Principal  Must Be Fair and Consistent Nothing can take away your credibility more quickly than being inconsistent in how you handle similar situations. While no two cases are exactly the same, you have to think about how you have handled other similar situations and continue on that same track. Students, in particular, know how you handle student discipline, and they make comparisons from one case to the next. If you are not fair and consistent, they will call you out on it. However, it is understandable that history will influence a principals decision. For example, if you have a student who has been in multiple fights and compare her to a student who has only had one fight, then you are justified in giving the student with multiple fights a longer suspension. Think all your decisions through, document your reasoning and be prepared when someone questions or disagrees with them. A Principal Must Be Organized and Prepared Each day presents a unique set of challenges and being organized and prepared is essential to meeting those challenges. You deal with so many variables as a principal that lack of organization will lead to ineffectiveness. No day is predictable. This makes being organized and prepared an essential quality. Each day you still have to come in with a plan or a to-do list with the understanding that you will probably only get about one-third of those things done. You also have to be prepared for just about anything. When you are dealing with that many people, there are so many unplanned things that can occur. Having policies and procedures in place to deal with situations is part of the necessary planning and preparation to be effective. Organization and preparation will help reduce stress when you are dealing with difficult or unique situations. A Principal  Must Be an Excellent Listener You never know when an angry student, a disgruntled parent or an upset teacher is going to walk into your office. You have to be prepared to deal with those situations, and that starts with being an exceptional listener. You can disarm most difficult situations simply by showing them that you care enough to listen to what they want to say. When someone wants to meet with you because they feel wronged in some way, you need to hear them out. This doesnt mean that you let them bash another person continuously. You can be firm on not letting them belittle a teacher or student, but allow them to vent without being disrespectful to another person. Be willing to go the next step in helping them resolve their issue. Sometimes that might be mediating between two students who have had a disagreement. Sometimes it might be having a discussion with a teacher to get his side of a story and then relaying that to the parent. It all begins with listening. A Principal  Must Be a Visionary​ Education is ever-evolving. There is always something bigger and better available. If you are not attempting to improve your school, you are not doing your job. This will always be an ongoing process. Even if you have been at a school for 15 years, there are still things you can do to improve the overall quality of your school. Each individual component is a working part of the larger framework of the school. Each of those components needs to be oiled every once in a while. You may have to replace a part that is not working. Occasionally you may even able to upgrade an existing part that was doing its job because something better was developed. You never want to be stale. Even your best teachers can get better. It is your job to see that no one gets comfortable and that everyone is working to improve continuously.

EPR Paradox in Physics - Definition and Explanation

EPR Paradox in Physics - Definition and Explanation The EPR paradox (or the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox) is a thought experiment intended to demonstrate an inherent paradox in the early formulations of quantum theory. It is among the best-known examples of quantum entanglement. The paradox involves two particles that are entangled with each other according to quantum mechanics. Under the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, each particle is individually in an uncertain state until it is measured, at which point the state of that particle becomes certain. At that exact same moment, the other particles state also becomes certain. The reason that this is classified as a paradox is that it seemingly involves communication between the two particles at speeds greater than the speed of light, which is a conflict with Albert Einsteins theory of relativity. The Paradoxs Origin The paradox was the focal point of a heated debate between Einstein and Niels Bohr. Einstein was never comfortable with the quantum mechanics being developed by Bohr and his colleagues (based, ironically, on work started by Einstein). Together with his colleagues Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen, Einstein developed the EPR paradox as a way of showing that the theory was inconsistent with other known laws of physics. At the time, there was no real way to carry out the experiment, so it was just a thought experiment or gedankenexperiment. Several years later, the physicist David Bohm modified the EPR paradox example so that things were a bit clearer. (The original way the paradox was presented was somewhat confusing, even to professional physicists.) In the more popular Bohm formulation, an unstable spin 0 particle decays into two different particles, Particle A and Particle B, heading in opposite directions. Because the initial particle had spin 0, the sum of the two new particle spins must equal zero. If Particle A has spin 1/2, then Particle B must have spin -1/2 (and vice versa). Again, according to the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, until a measurement is made, neither particle has a definite state. They are both in a superposition of possible states, with an equal probability (in this case) of having a positive or negative spin. The Paradoxs Meaning There are two key points at work here which make this troubling: Quantum physics says that, until the moment of the measurement, the particles do not have a definite quantum spin but are in a superposition of possible states.As soon as we measure the spin of Particle A, we know for sure the value well get from measuring the spin of Particle B. If you measure Particle A, it seems like Particle As quantum spin gets set by the measurement, but somehow Particle B also instantly knows what spin it is supposed to take on. To Einstein, this was a clear violation of the theory of relativity. Hidden-Variables Theory No one ever really questioned the second point; the controversy lay entirely with the first point. Bohm and Einstein supported an alternative approach called the hidden-variables theory, which suggested that quantum mechanics was incomplete. In this viewpoint, there had to be some aspect of quantum mechanics that wasnt immediately obvious but which needed to be added into the theory to explain this sort of non-local effect. As an analogy, consider that you have two envelopes that each contain money. You have been told that one of them contains a $5 bill and the other contains a $10 bill. If you open one envelope and it contains a $5 bill, then you know for sure that the other envelope contains the $10 bill. The problem with this analogy is that quantum mechanics definitely doesnt appear to work this way. In the case of the money, each envelope contains a specific bill, even if I never get around to looking in them. Uncertainty in Quantum Mechanics The uncertainty in quantum mechanics doesnt just represent a lack of our knowledge but a fundamental lack of definite reality. Until the measurement is made, according to the Copenhagen interpretation, the particles are really in a superposition of all possible states (as in the case of the dead/alive cat in the Schroedingers Cat thought experiment). While most physicists would have preferred to have a universe with clearer rules, no one could figure out exactly what these hidden variables were or how they could be incorporated into the theory in a meaningful way. Bohr and others defended the standard Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, which continued to be supported by the experimental evidence. The explanation is that the wave function, which describes the superposition of possible quantum states, exists at all points simultaneously. The spin of Particle A and spin of Particle B are not independent quantities but are represented by the same term within the quantum physics equations. The instant that the measurement on Particle A is made, the entire wave function collapses into a single state. In this way, theres no distant communication taking place. Bells Theorem The major nail in the coffin of the hidden-variables theory came from the physicist John Stewart Bell, in what is known as Bells Theorem. He developed a series of inequalities (called Bell inequalities), which represent how measurements of the spin of Particle A and Particle B would distribute if they werent entangled. In experiment after experiment, the Bell inequalities are violated, meaning that quantum entanglement does seem to take place. Despite this evidence to the contrary, there are still some proponents of the hidden-variables theory, though this is mostly among amateur physicists rather than professionals. Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

LOGISTIC MANAGEMENT 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

LOGISTIC MANAGEMENT 3 - Essay Example Firstly, companies examine the flow of value throughout the production down to the customer. Then they classify the processes that need improvement by using nonperforming functional metrics. Additionally, they use other elements of the model like the fishbone structure to explain the cause and influence of the people, resources, systems, equipments and the environment on the improvement of their products and services (Cole, 2011). With this knowledge, companies hence focus on costs reduction by optimizing their processes while controlling the production inputs to eliminate defects. Additionally, they focus on error reduction by strengthening and automating procedures for completing the production. Lastly, management of the model entails frequent inspections and auditing to ensure that the scheme maintains high performances (Cole, 2011). JIT concept facilitates the LSS management scheme by helping the company minimize their in-process inventories. JIT provides a cycle of signals, which informs the production line hence the system is able to identify the appropriate time of initiating each specific stage of production (Cole, 2011). The model uses ordinary indicators mainly the visual signals like the deficiency or presence of a piece that is essential for the production

Response to an article on alcoholism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Response to an article on alcoholism - Essay Example Dowshen (2009) suggests that alcohol acts as a depressant because it slows down the functioning of the central nervous system by obstructing or blocking messages that are communicated to the brain. This blockage has the effect of altering perceptions, emotions, and vision, movement and hearing abilities of an individual. Although Dowshen argues that alcohol when taken in small quantities helps a person to have a feeling of relaxation and less anxiety, when taken in huge amounts it causes big changes in the brain that results in intoxification. This is whereby a person, who has over consumed alcohol staggers, loses coordination and is slur in speech with a probability of being confused and disoriented. The person might think that they are okay but they may not be because they might be slow in reaction and out of their character. In addition, when alcohol is consumed in a short period in huge amounts, it can result to poisoning commonly referred to as alcohol poisoning. In this stage, the body is poisoned by alcohol such that it is induced to vomit, sleepiness, breathing difficulties, low blood sugar, seizures and unconsciousness. Zieve et al describes alcoholism as when an individual has or shows â€Å"signs of physical addiction to alcohol and continues to drink despite physical and mental health threats and social problems or job responsibilities† (2). Research worldwide indicates that alcoholism is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder in the society today. Alcohol addiction therefore occurs when a person’s body becomes dependent on alcohol and the body builds tolerance to alcohol, which results, to the person taking a larger dose of alcohol than before, to get the same effect. A person who is addicted to alcohol is therefore referred to as an alcoholic and therefore, alcoholism is the disease of alcohol addiction and it is chronic. The article

Motion of the Earth :: physics earth spin

The Earth spins around an axis. The Earth takes (a bit more than) one day to go around once. This axis is pointing off somewhere in space. This axis (mostly) doesn’t move. At the same time, the Earth is orbiting the Sun. It takes (a bit more than) one year to go around once. The plane of the Earth’s orbit (mostly) doesn’t move. The spin axis of the Earth’s daily rotation is not perpendicular to the plane of the Earth’s orbit.It is tilted (approximately) 23.4 degrees. The angle of tilt (mostly) doesn’t change. Earth does not spin perpendicular to the plane it is tilted, the reason earth is tilted is because it got hit by meteoroids and other stuff when the planets first formed. Also it takes about 24 hours for one period of earth rotate. From that we get sunlight, half of our days. We can calculate easily how fast earth is spinning by 2πR(radius of the earth)/24 hours. but that is just speed of the equator of the earth. We have different spinning speed every different latitude. As we could see from above picture every latitude have different speed of spinning per hour. And speed of the earth spinning could effect on such as water reservoirs.We don't feel that because everything else is moving with us and because the motion is very, very smooth. Changes in the Earth's spin are measured in terms of length of days. A faster spin shortens the length of daylight. "Due to the reservoir effect," (Chao). "the day 40 years ago was longer than today by about 8 millionths of a second." More significant, he said, is the fact that the sporadic spacing of water reservoirs has changed the Earth's axis. Since 1940, water impoundment has pushed the axis of rotation about 60 centimeters away from the North Pole toward western Canada, said by Chao Also it effect on the direction of the wind and movement of the clouds. "Stars and planets form as a result of the gravitational collapse of accreting material. Any net translational motion of that initial material is accelerated as its radius of rotation decreases. Once an initial spin was established for the Earth, the same conservation principle says that its angular momentum will continue unless it can be transferred to another object. With no significant frictional forces to allow that to happen, the Earth can continue to spin indefinitely without any further prodding" said by Paul Walorski.

Discover the affects of PH on the enzyme catalase

Catalase- This is an enzyme found in food such as potato and liver. It is used for removing Hydrogen Peroxide from cells. Hydrogen Peroxide is the poisonous by-product of metabolism. It speeds up the decomposition of hydrogen Peroxide into oxygen and water. It is able to do this because the shape of its active site matches the shape of Hydrogen Peroxide molecule. This type of reaction where a molecule is broken down into smaller pieces is an ANABOLIC REACTION. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON ENZYMES: Enzymes- Enzymes are complex 3-D globular proteins, some of which have other associated molecules. Enzymes are a catalyst which alters the rate of chemical reaction without itself undergoing a permanent change, and therefore can be used over and over again. Enzymes help reactions speed up which would otherwise take place very slowly. While the enzyme molecule is relatively larger than the larger than the substrate molecule it acts upon, only a small part of the enzyme molecule actually comes into contact. This region is called the ACTIVE SITE. The active site of an enzyme is the region that binds the substrate and contributes the amino acid residues that directly participate in the making and breaking of chemical bonds. However, all enzymes operate only on a specific shape and therefore fit only complementary locks, so only substrates of a particular shape will fit the active site of an enzyme. Prediction I predict that as the PH increases the activity of enzyme increases until the optimum PH is reached. Catalase optimum ph is around 6-7.after that the enzyme will be denatured. Hypothesis The enzyme will have an optimum pH of around neutral. Either side of the optimum pH will have relatively high rates of reaction or far away from the optimum pH will have a low rate of reaction. The enzyme catalase is found in many tissues including potato and liver. It is important because it breaks down the hydrogen peroxide formed in metabolism. Hydrogen peroxide is toxic and if it were not broken down it would kill the cells. As it does this, it liberates carbon dioxide that can be collected. CHEMICAL EQUATION: 2H2O2 ——————-> 2H2O + O2 I also hypothesize that the catalase activity will be highest with the sample of potato comparing to the apple. Variables The factors, which will have an affect on the enzyme activity, will be: * Temperature * Concentration of enzymes * pH The variable in which I will be using to investigate the enzyme activity is the temperature. The rest of the variables will be kept constant and only the temperatures will be changed. Apparatus To test how the PH affects the rate of reaction, I will use the following apparatus: * Gas syringe through bung * Potato * Hydrogen Peroxide * Stop Clock * Cork borer * Scalpel * water Beaker-250 cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ * Delivery Tube * Ph 3,5,7,9 * 5 cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ or 10 cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ plastic syringe with end cut off * measuring cylinder * conical flask * White tile * wax * Test tubes * Test tube rack * Safety equipment; goggles, lab coat, gloves Alternative: Use yeast, broad beans or liver, instead of potato and apple. Method 1. Measure out 5cm3 of potato into a conical flask 2. Measure out 10 cm3 of buffer solution into a separate container and mix it with minced potato. 3. Measure out 5cm3 volume of hydrogen peroxide in syringe. 4. Fill a tub with water. 5. Completely immerse a measuring cylinder in the water making sure to release all air bubbles in the cylinder and keep underwater. 6. Position the cylinder upright ensuring the open end remains underwater and clamp securely 7. Add the hydrogen peroxide to the potato and place bung on conical flask whilst starting timer. 8. Run experiment for 5 minutes taking readings every 30 seconds by noting the amount of gas at top of cylinder (at meniscus) 9. Repeat the experiment with different ph. Justification of method: I have chosen to use this method because it is safe, efficient and accurate. I feel that it will help me to obtain reliable results. Risk Assessment * Hydrogen peroxide is a dangerous substance. It can cause serious injury to the eyes and skin. It is therefore necessary that goggles be used for eye protection. In addition, eye irrigation equipment should be readily available in case of an emergency. * The working area must be clean, tidy and dry. Make sure there is no obstacle in the working area so that you can easily move around as. This allows you to perform the experiment safely and unimpeded care should be taken to ensure that liquid is not spilled onto the floor to cause slippage. Result table Time(s) Oxygen gas collected (cm3) Ph 3 ph 5 ph7 ph9 30 1.5 1.5 0.5 1.5 60 1.5 3.0 1.5 2.0 90 1.5 5.0 2.0 2.0 120 1.5 7.0 5.65 2.0 150 1.5 8.3 10.3 2.0 180 1.5 9.0 14.35 2.0 210 1.5 10.0 17.35 2.0 240 1.5 11.1 20.15 2.0 270 1.5 13.6 24.15 2.0 300 1.5 14.0 31.15 2.0 These results clarify that the optimum ph for catalase is 7 which supports my prediction. At the lowest ph 3, less oxygen was released, measuring a slower rate of reaction. My background information explains this. The enzyme don't work as it is neared extreme PHS. This is because its shape would have been change slightly; means the active site may not fit into the substrate any more. Further investigation: If this investigation were to be done again, I would take all results myself and use my own interpretation, thus gaining more reliable results. I will know how much potato to measure out for each experiment and also I will make sure that the other variables are kept constant. I have taken the same amount of each, keeping them constant. This would give me clearer results to aid me in my understanding as to how ph can affect the activity of catalase.

Difference Between Independent and Dependent Variables

The two main variables in an experiment are the independent and dependent variable. An independent variable is the variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment to test the effects on the dependent variable. A dependent variable is the variable being tested and measured  in a scientific experiment. The dependent variable is dependent on the independent variable. As the experimenter changes the independent variable, the effect on the dependent variable is observed and recorded. Independent and Dependent Variable Example For example, a scientist wants to see if the brightness of light has any effect on a moth being attracted to the light. The brightness of the light  is controlled by the scientist. This would be the independent variable. How the moth reacts to the different light levels (distance to light source)  would be the dependent variable. How to Tell the Variables Apart The independent and dependent variables may be viewed in terms of cause and effect. If the independent variable is changed, then an effect is seen in the dependent variable. Remember, the values of both variables may change in an experiment and are recorded. The difference is that the value of the independent variable is controlled by the experimenter, while the value of the dependent variable only changes in response to the independent variable. Remembering Variables With DRYMIX When results are plotted in graphs, the convention is to use the independent variable as the x-axis and the dependent variable as the y-axis. The DRY MIX acronym can help keep the variables straight: D is the dependent variableR is the responding variableY is the axis on which the dependent or responding variable is graphed (the vertical axis) M is the manipulated variable or the one that is changed in an experimentI is the independent variableX is the axis on which the independent or manipulated variable is graphed (the horizontal axis) Independent vs Dependent Variable Key Takeaways The independent and dependent variables are the two key variables in a science experiment.The independent variable is the one the experimenter controls. The dependent variable is the variable that changes in response to the independent variable.The two variables may be related by cause and effect. If the independent variable changes, then the dependent variable is affected. Sources Carlson, Robert. A concrete introduction to real analysis. CRC Press, 2006. p.183.Dodge, Y. (2003) The Oxford Dictionary of Statistical Terms, OUP. ISBN 0-19-920613-9Everitt, B. S. (2002). The Cambridge Dictionary of Statistics (2nd ed.). Cambridge UP. ISBN 0-521-81099-X.